Scientists are set to explore the potential of a brain-computer interface (BCI) that uses ultrasound to directly alter brain activity, offering hope for patients with conditions such as depression, addiction, OCD, and epilepsy..
A groundbreaking trial funded by the UK’s Advanced Research and Invention Agency (Aria) has an innovative device, which is implanted beneath the skull, aims to map brain activity and deliver targeted ultrasound pulses to activate specific neuron clusters, potentially revolutionising treatment for a range of mental health issues.
The trial, valued at £6.5 million, will test the safety and tolerability of the device on around 30 patients. This new technology is being developed by Forest Neurotech, a US-based non-profit, and differs from traditional invasive implants by using ultrasound to read and modify brain activity. The device’s ability to modify activity across multiple regions of the brain at once opens up new possibilities for treating "circuit-level" conditions like depression and epilepsy, which are not localised to a single area of the brain.
Jacques Carolan, Aria’s programme director, highlighted the broad potential of neurotechnologies, stating that this could be a game-changer for conditions like treatment-resistant depression, epilepsy, addiction, and eating disorders. The trial follows recent advancements in BCI technology, including Elon Musk’s Neuralink clinical trial for paralysis patients and efforts to help stroke patients regain the ability to communicate.
However, these developments raise ethical concerns, such as the potential misuse of brain data, privacy issues, and the risk of neuro-discrimination. Experts like Clare Elwell from UCL emphasise the need for careful consideration of the clinical impact and the importance of safeguarding patient interests.
The Forest 1 device will be tested on patients who have experienced brain injury and had part of their skull temporarily removed. The device will be placed beneath the skull, where it will use ultrasound to create 3D maps of brain activity with exceptional spatial resolution, allowing precise targeting of neurons. Researchers will assess how the device impacts mood and motivation, hoping to identify ways to improve patients' quality of life.
While ultrasound technology is promising, there are safety concerns related to heat generation and potential unintended changes in a person’s decision-making or personality. The study, which will span three and a half years, is set to begin in March, with regulatory approval expected in the first eight months.