China's Brahmaputra Mega Dam could have dual impact, says Assam CM

Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has addressed growing concerns over China’s construction of a massive dam on the Brahmaputra River, stating that there are two “scientific aspects” to the project, and its potential impact on the northeastern state remains uncertain for now.

Speaking at an event in Guwahati, the Chief Minister said he does not see an immediate threat to Assam from the $167.8 billion project, which began construction on Saturday. He noted that the Brahmaputra is primarily sustained by tributaries from Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, and rainfall within Assam, rather than a single source.

“I am not immediately worried because Brahmaputra is a mighty river and it is not dependent on a single source of water,” Sarma said. “Brahmaputra gets most of its waters from Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, and the rainwater and other forms of water from our state itself.”

Outlining the two possible scientific outcomes of the dam, the Chief Minister explained: “First, if the flow is disturbed by China, then there may be less water, and biodiversity will be affected. But there is also a counter view – if less water comes, it will act as a ‘flood cushion’. But I don’t know which one is correct.”

He expressed hope that the Indian government is in close communication with Chinese authorities over the issue and said that both scenarios will be examined before any action is taken.

Sarma’s remarks come amid ongoing concern in India’s northeast over the environmental and geopolitical implications of China’s mega dam plans on the Brahmaputra, particularly near the India-Tibet border. Scientists have warned that altering the river’s natural flow could disrupt the delicate ecological balance and water availability downstream.

Reassuring residents, Sarma emphasised the need for a careful and evidence-based approach. “The Government of India will consider both options and act accordingly,” he said.